Rock Identifier
Blue-green polished gemstone, likely turquoise (Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O) — gemstone
gemstone

Blue-green polished gemstone, likely turquoise

Turquoise, hydrated copper aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically opaque blue to blue-green with waxy luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic crystal system, and indistinct cleavage. The image is out of focus, so identification is provisional; it may also be dyed turquoise, chrysocolla, or blue glass.

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Physical properties

Typically opaque blue to blue-green with waxy luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic crystal system, and indistinct cleavage. The image is out of focus, so identification is provisional; it may also be dyed turquoise, chrysocolla, or blue glass.

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral in arid, copper-rich, aluminum- and phosphate-bearing rocks, commonly by groundwater alteration. Deposits are generally Cenozoic to older, with famous sources in Iran, the southwestern United States, China, Chile, and Egypt.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically important in jewelry and ritual art. Lower-grade material is often stabilized with resin or reconstructed from powder.

Geological facts

Natural turquoise commonly has a porous, chalky texture and may show brown or black limonite matrix veining. Color can fade or change with heat, chemicals, oils, and prolonged wear.

Field identification & locations

Check for opaque color, relatively low hardness, a waxy surface, and natural matrix; glass is usually harder and more vitreous, while dyed howlite often shows dye concentrated in cracks. A gemological test is needed for certainty.