
gemstone
Blue sapphire ring
Corundum, Al₂O₃; blue color typically from trace iron and titanium
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectCentral stone appears oval-cut, deep blue, transparent, and vitreous; Mohs hardness 9, trigonal crystal structure, no cleavage, specific gravity about 4.0. Surrounding colorless stones are likely diamonds or diamond substitutes, set in metal.
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Physical properties
Central stone appears oval-cut, deep blue, transparent, and vitreous; Mohs hardness 9, trigonal crystal structure, no cleavage, specific gravity about 4.0. Surrounding colorless stones are likely diamonds or diamond substitutes, set in metal.
Formation & geological history
Sapphires crystallize in aluminum-rich igneous or metamorphic rocks, commonly basalt, marble, and placer deposits; gem formation spans various geological ages. The pictured stone is cut and mounted jewelry rather than a natural rock specimen.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry; sapphire is also valued for scratch-resistant watch crystals, scientific windows, and specialized industrial components.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the non-red gem variety of corundum; red corundum is ruby. Heat treatment is common and can improve color and clarity, while “star sapphire” shows asterism from rutile inclusions.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense blue color, exceptional hardness, strong brilliance, and refractive index around 1.76–1.77; reliable identification requires gemological testing. Major sources include Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Kashmir, Madagascar, Australia, and Montana.
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