gemstone
Blue Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, vibrant blue color, adamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and specific gravity around 4.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, vibrant blue color, adamantine to vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and specific gravity around 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Forms in aluminum-rich, silica-deficient metamorphic or igneous rocks like pegmatites and marbles under high pressure and temperature.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in fine jewelry, luxury watches, and industrial applications due to its extreme durability and scratch resistance.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the September birthstone and is structurally identical to ruby, differing only in trace elements like iron and titanium that create the blue color.
Field identification & locations
Identified by extreme hardness, high density, and lack of cleavage; commonly sourced from Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Kashmir.
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