gemstone
Blue Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3 with trace amounts of Fe and Ti)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 9 on the Mohs scale, Color: Blue (varies due to iron and titanium impurities), Luster: Adamantine to vitreous, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None (parts along parting planes), Specific Gravity: 3.98 - 4.1
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Physical properties
Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale, Color: Blue (varies due to iron and titanium impurities), Luster: Adamantine to vitreous, Crystal Structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None (parts along parting planes), Specific Gravity: 3.98 - 4.1
Formation & geological history
Forms in metamorphic rocks such as marble, or in igneous rocks like basalt and syenite pegmatites, as well as alluvial secondary deposits.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in fine jewelry, watch components, and scientific instruments due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the September birthstone. The most famous sapphires originate from Kashmir, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high Mohs hardness (scratches quartz, can only be scratched by diamond), high specific gravity, and distinctive hexagonal growth zoning or inclusions when examined under magnification.
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