gemstone
Blue Sapphire
Corundum (Al2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 9; deep blue color due to iron and titanium impurities; vitreous to adamantine luster; trigonal crystal system; no cleavage.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 9; deep blue color due to iron and titanium impurities; vitreous to adamantine luster; trigonal crystal system; no cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in aluminum-rich, silica-poor metamorphic and igneous rocks, such as marble and alkali basalts, over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end fine jewelry, luxury watches, and industrial scientific viewports or bearings.
Geological facts
Sapphire is the September birthstone and historically symbolizes wisdom, royalty, and divine favor.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its extreme hardness, high specific gravity, and distinct hexagonal growth zoning; found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Kashmir.
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