gemstone

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2

Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale; Color: Ranges from orange, reddish-orange, to deep brownish-red with dark chalcedony layers; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz); Cleavage: None, exhibits conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.62

Hardness: 6
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified August 4, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in low-temperature environments, typically in groundwater solutions depositing silica within cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks, often developing banded structures over long geological periods.

Uses & applications

Used in high-end jewelry, carvings, ornamental objects, and as a popular specimen for rock collectors.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used since ancient times (dating back to the Neolithic period) for seals, signet rings, and beads due to hot wax not sticking to its surface.

Field identification & locations

Easily identifiable by its distinctive waxy luster, conchoidal fracture, and vibrant translucent reddish-orange bands. Found worldwide, particularly in Brazil, India, Madagascar, and the USA.

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