gemstone
Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Chalcedony variety
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Orange, reddish-orange, brownish-red. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange, reddish-orange, brownish-red
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Orange, reddish-orange, brownish-red. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64.
Formation & geological history
Forms in cavities of volcanic and metamorphic rocks through the deposition of silica from groundwater solutions layer by layer over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in jewelry, as cabochons, beads, carved seals, and as a popular ornamental and collectible specimen.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized in ancient civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, where it was worn by builders to give them courage and was placed in tombs to assist the dead in their journey to the afterlife.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its translucent to opaque reddish-orange coloration and banded or clouded structure. Commonly found worldwide, notably in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and the USA.
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