gemstone

Carnelian and turquoise beads

Carnelian: orange-red chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂); turquoise: hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

The upper bead appears reddish-orange, translucent to opaque, with a waxy luster and Mohs hardness 6.5–7. The lower blue-green bead is opaque, waxy, commonly Mohs 5–6, with a cryptocrystalline aggregate structure; both are polished and shaped.

Identified September 20, 2026More gemstone →

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At a glance

Common name: Carnelian and turquoise beads
Scientific name: Carnelian: orange-red chalcedony (microcrystalline SiO₂); turquoise: hydrated copper aluminum phosphate, CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O
Category: gemstone
Identified: September 20, 2026
Method: Standard

AI Estimated Value

Approximately $2–$15 each as small common polished beads; fine untreated turquoise or attractive carnelian may command $20–$100+.

Not an official valuation

AI estimate for general interest only — not an appraisal. Actual value depends on condition, provenance, and market demand. Verify with a professional before buying, selling, or insuring.

This identification was generated by AI and may contain errors. Verify important details before relying on them — and never use an AI result to judge whether a specimen is safe to handle. Read the full disclaimer

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Carnelian forms when iron colors chalcedony in silica-rich volcanic cavities or sedimentary veins, commonly during the Cenozoic and older geologic periods. Turquoise forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits, generally over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and jewelry; turquoise is also valued ornamentally and culturally. These small polished pieces are likely commercial jewelry components.

Geological facts

Carnelian’s color comes mainly from iron oxides. Natural turquoise often shows brown or black matrix veining, while vivid, uniformly colored material may be stabilized or dyed.

Field identification & locations

Identify carnelian by its glassy-to-waxy orange-red appearance and lack of cleavage; turquoise by its blue-green color, soft waxy surface, and copper-associated setting. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Iran, Arizona, Nevada, and China.