gemstone

Carnelian Beads

Silicon Dioxide (Variety of Chalcedony), $SiO_2$

Hardness: 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-orange, brownish-red to deep orange; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58 to 2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Reddish-orange, brownish-red to deep orange
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 29, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments, volcanic cavities, and sedimentary deposits, often created by the silica-rich groundwater deposition within rock cavities over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used in jewelry-making as beads, cabochons, and intaglios, as well as an ornamental stone and historically in protective amulets.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been prized since ancient times, notably in Ancient Egypt where it was worn by builders to give them energy and vitality, and in Roman signet rings used for sealing wax documents.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its translucent to semi-opaque reddish-orange hue and waxy luster. Commonly found worldwide including India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Note: While these are manufactured spherical beads, the base material is natural carnelian.

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