gemstone

Carnelian cabochon

Orange-red variety of chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz), SiO₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Polished translucent orange-red, waxy to vitreous luster, no visible cleavage, cryptocrystalline structure; Mohs hardness 6.5–7, specific gravity about 2.60. The metal loop and polish indicate a jewelry pendant made from geological material.

Identified August 16, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater deposits chalcedony in cavities and fractures, with iron oxides producing the red-orange color. It is commonly Cenozoic to older in age and occurs in volcanic rocks, gravels, and sedimentary deposits.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, pendants, carvings, and ornamental objects; common-quality pieces have modest value.

Geological facts

Carnelian’s color ranges from yellow-orange to deep reddish brown; heating or dyeing may enhance it. Natural color often shows subtle cloudy zoning rather than uniform glassy color.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by hardness, waxy luster, translucency, and resistance to scratching by steel; it should not show quartz cleavage. Chalcedony and iron-rich agate are plausible around central Venezuela, including the 10.5°N, 67.0°W region.