mineral

Carnelian (orange chalcedony) pebble

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), colored by iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Mohs hardness 6.5–7; orange-brown and milky white, with a waxy to vitreous luster and no visible crystals. Quartz’s trigonal structure occurs as tightly intergrown microscopic crystals; cleavage is absent, and fracture is typically conchoidal.

Identified October 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Silica-rich fluids deposited quartz in cavities and fractures, with iron impurities producing the orange color; the pebble’s rounded shape indicates transport and abrasion. Chalcedony forms in rocks of many ages and settings.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and ornamental objects; historically valued for seals and jewelry.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a translucent orange-to-red variety of chalcedony; natural color commonly comes from dispersed iron oxides.

Field identification & locations

Look for translucence at thin edges, waxy luster, and hardness sufficient to scratch glass; common in gravel and volcanic-rock regions worldwide. The pictured specimen’s identification is visual and not definitive.