gemstone

Carnelian (red-orange chalcedony) beads

Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; chalcedony colored chiefly by iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically Mohs 6.5–7, translucent red to orange-brown, vitreous to waxy luster, cryptocrystalline quartz with no visible cleavage; specific gravity about 2.58–2.64. The spherical, glossy pieces appear tumbled, drilled, and polished rather than naturally formed beads.

Identified August 22, 2026More gemstone →

Explore Carnelian (red-orange chalcedony) beads in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich fluids fill cavities and fractures in volcanic rocks, with iron producing the red color; much material is Cenozoic to older, depending on locality. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and parts of the United States.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, seals, and ornamental jewelry; durable but less valuable than fine transparent gemstone varieties.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony closely related to sard, with color controlled by iron oxidation. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and many other cultures used it for seals and amulets.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its red-orange translucent body, uniform waxy appearance, quartz hardness, and lack of cleavage; glass imitations may show bubbles or different wear behavior. The image shows processed gemstone material, not a natural rock surface.