gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-orange to brown color, vitreous to waxy luster, and microcrystalline trigonal structure.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-orange to brown color, vitreous to waxy luster, and microcrystalline trigonal structure.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich groundwater in cavities of volcanic and sedimentary rocks over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, carved into signet rings, and collected as a tumbled decorative gemstone.
Geological facts
Ancient civilizations prized carnelian, often using it in royal signet seals and amulets for protection.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its translucent orange-red hue and smooth waxy feel; commonly sourced from India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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