gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety, SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to reddish-brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to reddish-brown color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks through silica-rich groundwater deposition.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry, cabochons, carved seals, and as a decorative collector gemstone.
Geological facts
Historically valued in ancient civilizations like Egypt and Rome for signet rings and amulets, often associated with courage and vitality.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucent orange-red coloration and lack of visible crystal faces. Commonly found in India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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