gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Variety of Chalcedony, SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline crystal structure, and conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline crystal structure, and conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in silica-rich groundwater solutions within cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks, often through low-temperature deposition.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, beads, carved cameos, and as an ornamental gemstone.
Geological facts
Carnelian was prized in ancient civilizations like Ancient Egypt, where it symbolized life and was used in royal burial amulets.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct translucent reddish-orange hue and waxy luster; commonly sourced from India, Brazil, and Madagascar.
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