gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; orange, reddish-brown, or brownish-red color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline crystal structure; conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; orange, reddish-brown, or brownish-red color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline crystal structure; conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic rocks through silica-rich groundwater deposition.
Uses & applications
Widely used for tumbled stones, cabochons, carved beads, and ornamental jewelry.
Geological facts
Carnelian was prized in ancient civilizations like Egypt and Mesopotamia, often used in royal signet rings and amulets.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent brownish-red hue and waxy luster; found globally in alluvial gravels and volcanic cavities.
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