gemstone

Carnelian

Silicon dioxide (chalcedony variety), SiO2

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Orange, reddish-orange, brownish-red to pinkish. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz). Cleavage: None, exhibits conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 2.58 to 2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange, reddish-orange, brownish-red to pinkish
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified August 2, 2026More gemstone →

Explore Carnelian in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in low-temperature environments such as cavities in volcanic and sedimentary rocks where silica-rich groundwater deposits microcrystalline quartz, often colored by iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Widely used in jewelry, cabochons, beads, and carved into signet rings and talismans since antiquity.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized in ancient civilizations like Ancient Egypt, where it was associated with the goddess Isis and used in amulets for the afterlife. Its color comes from dispersed iron oxide.