gemstone
Carnelian
SiO2 (Chalcedony variety)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, and conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich groundwater within cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, cabochons, beads, and carved into intaglios or signet rings since ancient times.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Egypt as a stone representing life and was frequently placed in tombs to protect the dead.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent brownish-red hue and waxy luster; commonly sourced from India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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