gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Exhibits a waxy to vitreous luster with brownish-red to orange coloration and conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Exhibits a waxy to vitreous luster with brownish-red to orange coloration and conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in vugs and cavities of pre-existing volcanic and sedimentary rocks through the low-temperature deposition of silica-rich groundwater solutions.
Uses & applications
Widely used in ornamental jewelry, carved cameos, and as a popular collector specimen.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been prized since ancient times, frequently used in ancient Egypt and Rome for signet rings and royal seals.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct translucent brownish-orange hue, waxy luster, and resistance to scratching by steel. Found globally, notably in India, Brazil, and the USA.
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