gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and microcrystalline trigonal/hexagonal crystal structure.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and microcrystalline trigonal/hexagonal crystal structure.
Formation & geological history
Forms from silica-rich groundwater depositing quartz in cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in rings, necklaces, beads, and carved into intaglios or signet rings since ancient times.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized by ancient Egyptians, who wore it as an amulet to ensure safe passage to the afterlife.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucent orange-red hue and conchoidal fracture; commonly found in India, Brazil, and Madagascar.
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