gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, translucent orange to red-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline crystal structure, and conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, translucent orange to red-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline crystal structure, and conchoidal fracture with no cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic rocks through the deposition of silica-rich solutions.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, signet rings, carvings, and as a popular collector gemstone throughout history.
Geological facts
Carnelian was highly prized in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, often used in royal signet rings and amulets.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive orange-to-red translucency and waxy luster; commonly found in river gravels and volcanic regions globally.
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