gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to brownish-red color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7; orange to brownish-red color; waxy to vitreous luster; microcrystalline quartz structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic or sedimentary rocks through silica deposition over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry making for rings, beads, and cabochons, as well as historical carving and lapidary art.
Geological facts
Carnelian was prized in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia as a stone of courage and status, often used in royal signet rings.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucent orange-to-red hue and waxy luster; found globally including in India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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