gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline quartz structure, specific gravity of 2.60-2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, microcrystalline quartz structure, specific gravity of 2.60-2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and silica-rich groundwater filling cavities in volcanic or sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used for making beads, polished cabochons, carved intaglios, and collector specimens.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been prized since ancient times, frequently used for signet rings and amulets in ancient Egypt and Rome.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its translucent reddish-orange color, waxy luster, and conchoidal fracture. Commonly found in Brazil, India, and Madagascar.
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