gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Chalcedony variety, SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, vibrant orange-red to brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and microcrystalline trigonal crystal structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, vibrant orange-red to brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and microcrystalline trigonal crystal structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments and cavities of volcanic rocks through the deposition of silica-rich solutions.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry making, carved intaglios, and ornamental items since ancient times.
Geological facts
Carnelian was prized by ancient Egyptians, who wore it as an amulet for courage and protection in the afterlife.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its translucent orange-red hue and waxy luster; found globally with notable deposits in India, Brazil, and Uruguay.
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