Mineral (Chalcedony variety)

Carnelian

Carnelian (SiO2 with Iron oxide impurities)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: ranges from pale orange to deep reddish-brown; Luster: vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: ranges from pale orange to deep reddish-brown
Luster: vitreous to waxy

Identified March 22, 2026More mineral (chalcedony variety) →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: ranges from pale orange to deep reddish-brown; Luster: vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed by the deposition of silica from groundwater in the cavities of igneous rocks, particularly volcanic lavas. The reddish color is caused by the presence of iron oxide (hematite) impurities throughout the cryptocrystalline quartz structure.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry for beads, cabochons, and intaglios. Also used for decorative carvings, seals, and as emotional/meditative pocket stones in the crystal healing community.

Geological facts

Ancient Romans and Greeks used carnelian for signet rings (seals) because hot wax does not stick to the stone. It has been used in jewelry for over 4,500 years, appearing prominently in the jewelry of Ancient Egypt and the royal tombs of Ur.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its translucent body, lack of visible crystal grains, and distinctive waxy luster. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the US (Oregon/Washington). Collectors look for uniform color and high translucency.