gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon dioxide (Quartz variety, SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and microcrystalline trigonal structure with conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, orange to reddish-brown color, waxy to vitreous luster, and microcrystalline trigonal structure with conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal or low-temperature sedimentary environments, often precipitating from silica-rich groundwater within volcanic rock cavities.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, cabochons, carved intaglios, and highly prized by crystal collectors.
Geological facts
Carnelian was extensively used in ancient Rome and Egypt for signet rings and royal jewelry due to wax not sticking to its surface.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucent orange-to-red hue and lack of cleavage, commonly found in Brazil, India, and the USA.
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