gemstone
Carnelian
Silicon Dioxide (Chalcedony variety), SiO2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Varies in color from orange to reddish-brown with a waxy to vitreous luster and conchoidal fracture.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale. Varies in color from orange to reddish-brown with a waxy to vitreous luster and conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in low-temperature hydrothermal environments or as silica precipitates in cavities of volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, signet rings, carvings, and as a decorative ornamental stone.
Geological facts
Ancient Egyptians associated carnelian with the journey of the dead, using it widely in funerary jewelry and amulets.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucent orange-red coloration and waxy luster. Common globally, including regions of East Africa.
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