gemstone

Carved turquoise pendant

Turquoise, hydrated copper–aluminum phosphate: CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Blue-green, opaque, waxy to subvitreous luster; Mohs hardness 5–6, triclinic crystal system, usually massive rather than visibly crystalline, with brown limonite matrix veining. The pendant is carved and polished, with accompanying likely turquoise and dark stone beads.

Identified August 21, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Turquoise forms as a secondary mineral in arid, oxidized copper deposits, commonly replacing host rock in fractures and cavities; deposits are generally Cenozoic to older, depending on locality. Major sources include Iran, the American Southwest, China, Egypt, and Chile.

Uses & applications

Used for jewelry, carvings, inlay, and ornament; historically important in Native American, Persian, Egyptian, and Central Asian traditions. Quality depends on color, matrix pattern, hardness, and treatment.

Geological facts

The name derives from the French pierre turquoise (“Turkish stone”). Natural turquoise can be stabilized with resin, and some material sold as turquoise is reconstructed or dyed.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its blue-green color, low-to-moderate hardness, opaque body, waxy luster, and copper-associated matrix; avoid confusing it with dyed howlite or plastic. Testing should be nondestructive because the piece is carved and valuable.