gemstone
Citrine
Quartz (Silicon dioxide, SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Yellow to brownish-orange. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Yellow to brownish-orange
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Yellow to brownish-orange. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: Indistinct. Specific gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous pegmatites and hydrothermal veins. Often produced by heat-treating amethyst or smoky quartz.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry as a gemstone. Popular among collectors.
Geological facts
Natural citrine is relatively rare; most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst. It is the birthstone for November.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its yellow to orange hue and quartz properties. Commonly found in Brazil, Madagascar, and Russia.
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