gemstone
Diamond (Blue Diamond)
Native Carbon (C)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 10 on Mohs scale, adamantine luster, isometric/cubic crystal system, perfect octahedral cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.52.
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Physical properties
Hardness 10 on Mohs scale, adamantine luster, isometric/cubic crystal system, perfect octahedral cleavage, and specific gravity around 3.52.
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme temperature and pressure in Earth's mantle (150–200 km deep) billions of years ago, transported to the surface via kimberlite or lamproite volcanic pipes; blue hue is caused by trace boron.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in high-end jewelry as faceted gemstones, and industrially for precision cutting, drilling, grinding, and heat sinks.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring mineral on Earth, and natural blue diamonds like the Hope Diamond are among the rarest and most valuable gems known.
Field identification & locations
Identified by unmatched hardness, high thermal conductivity, adamantine luster, and high refractive index (2.42). Found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in South Africa, Russia, Botswana, Canada, and Australia.
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