gemstone

Diamond (Pear Cut)

Carbon (C)

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.53

Identified July 17, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (clear), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal Structure: Isometric-hexoctahedral, Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.5-3.53

Formation & geological history

Formed deep in the Earth's mantle under extreme heat and pressure, typically over 1 to 3 billion years ago. They are brought to the surface through deep-source volcanic eruptions known as kimberlite or lamproite pipes.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in fine jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces), its extreme hardness also makes it essential for industrial cutting, grinding, and drilling tools.

Geological facts

Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance on Earth. While they are famously colorless, they can occur in nearly every color of the rainbow due to chemical impurities or structural defects, which are known as 'fancy' diamonds.

Field identification & locations

Field identification of cut gemstones requires specialized tools like loupes to check for inclusions, thermal conductivity testers, and observation of fire/dispersion. Found naturally in Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa.