gemstone
Diamond
C (Native Carbon)
Hardness: 10 on Mohs scale, Color: Colorless/White, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Cubic (isometric), Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in 4 directions), Specific gravity: 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 on Mohs scale, Color: Colorless/White, Luster: Adamantine, Crystal structure: Cubic (isometric), Cleavage: Octahedral (perfect in 4 directions), Specific gravity: 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed deep within the Earth's mantle under extreme pressure and temperature conditions over billions of years, transported to the surface via volcanic eruptions in kimberlite and lamproite pipes.
Uses & applications
Widely used in fine jewelry (rings, pendants, earrings), as well as industrial applications including cutting, grinding, drilling tools, and high-precision scientific equipment.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance known on Earth. Pure diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms arranged in a rigid crystal lattice.
Field identification & locations
Identified by extreme hardness, adamantine luster, high refractive index, and fire (dispersion). Key sources include Russia, Botswana, Canada, Australia, and South Africa.
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Ammolite (Biogenic Aragonite with trace elements; fossils of Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare)
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Cubic Zirconia (simulant) or Diamond
ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
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Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
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Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
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Faceted Gemstone
Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
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