gemstone
Diamond
Carbon (C)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 10 on the Mohs scale, transparent to opaque, adamantine luster, isometric crystal system, perfect octahedral cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness 10 on the Mohs scale, transparent to opaque, adamantine luster, isometric crystal system, perfect octahedral cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme heat and pressure in the Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150-200 kilometers, and brought to the surface via kimberlitic or lamproitic volcanic pipes.
Uses & applications
Widely used in high-end jewelry as a gemstone and extensively in industrial cutting, grinding, and drilling tools due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamonds are the hardest known natural material on Earth and can conduct heat five times faster than copper.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its supreme hardness, high refractive index, and adamantine luster, commonly found in alluvial deposits and primary pipe deposits in countries like Russia, Botswana, and South Africa.
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