gemstone
Diamond
Carbon (C)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 10 on the Mohs scale, transparent to opaque with adamantine luster, isometric crystal system, and perfect octahedral cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale, transparent to opaque with adamantine luster, isometric crystal system, and perfect octahedral cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Formed under extreme high pressure and temperature conditions in Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150 to 250 kilometers, and transported to the surface via kimberlite or lamproite volcanic pipes.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in high-end fine jewelry and utilized in industrial applications like cutting, grinding, and drilling due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance known on Earth and exhibits exceptional thermal conductivity and high dispersion of light.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its supreme hardness, high refractive index, and specific gravity around 3.51; major sources include Russia, Botswana, Canada, and South Africa.
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