gemstone
Diamond
C
Hardness 10, colorless, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage, specific gravity 3.52
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Physical properties
Hardness 10, colorless, adamantine luster, isometric crystal structure, perfect cleavage, specific gravity 3.52
Formation & geological history
Formed under high pressure and temperature in the Earth's mantle, brought to the surface by deep-seated volcanic eruptions (kimberlites and lamproites).
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, as well as in industrial cutting and polishing tools.
Geological facts
The hardest known natural material. Its name is derived from the ancient Greek 'adámas', meaning 'unalterable' or 'unbreakable'.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its exceptional hardness, high refractive index, and strong dispersion. Found mostly in cratons, with major deposits in Africa, Russia, Australia, and Canada.
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Diamond and Gold Jewelry
Carbon (Diamond) / Au (Gold)
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Ammolite
Ammolite (Biogenic Aragonite with trace elements; fossils of Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare)
mineral
Cubic Zirconia (simulant) or Diamond
ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
gemstone
Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
sedimentary
Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
Zirconium dioxide (or Carbon)
gemstone
Faceted Gemstone
Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
gemstone