gemstone
Diamond
Carbon (C)
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal System: Cubic (isometrical), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.51
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Physical properties
Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale), Color: Colorless (in this specimen), Luster: Adamantine, Crystal System: Cubic (isometrical), Cleavage: Perfect octahedral, Specific Gravity: 3.51
Formation & geological history
Formed at high temperatures and pressures within the Earth's mantle (150-250 km deep), then transported to the surface by kimberlite eruptions. Ages typically range from 1 to 3.5 billion years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in fine jewelry (engagement rings, necklaces) and extensively in industry for cutting, drilling, and grinding due to its extreme hardness.
Geological facts
Diamond is the only gemstone made of a single element (carbon). It is the hardest known natural substance on Earth. Most diamonds found today were formed billions of years ago.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its exceptional brilliance, lack of scratches on the surface, and its ability to scratch any other material. Commonly found in kimberlite pipes or alluvial deposits in Africa, Russia, Canada, and Australia.
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Ammolite (Biogenic Aragonite with trace elements; fossils of Placenticeras meeki and Placenticeras intercalare)
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Cubic Zirconia (simulant) or Diamond
ZrO2 (Cubic Zirconia) or C (Diamond)
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Red Jasper
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite inclusions
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Cubic Zirconia (or possibly Diamond)
Zirconium dioxide (or Carbon)
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Faceted Gemstone
Unknown transparent mineral, possibly Diamond (C), Cubic Zirconia (ZrO2), Quartz (SiO2), or Glass
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