gemstone

Emerald (Beryl)

Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ (Chromium/Vanadium-bearing Beryl)

Hardness: 7.5 - 8.0 on the Mohs scale. Color: Rich deep green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous (glass-like). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Indistinct/imperfect. Specific Gravity: 2.67 - 2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Rich deep green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous (glass-like)

Identified July 27, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites where beryllium-rich magmatic fluids react with chromium or vanadium-bearing metamorphic rocks (such as schists or shales).

Uses & applications

Highly prized as a precious gemstone in fine jewelry, rings, necklaces, and high-end collector gems.

Geological facts

Emerald is the green variety of the mineral beryl. The green color is caused by trace amounts of chromium and/or vanadium. Major historical sources include Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Madagascar.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its vivid green color, vitreous luster, high hardness, refractive index (approx. 1.57-1.58), and characteristic internal inclusions (often called 'jardin'). Commonly found in schist and pegmatite deposits.

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