gemstone

Emerald (Rough)

Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with Chromium/Vanadium impurities)

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal System: Hexagonal; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Deep green to bluish-green
Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous

Identified July 21, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 7.5-8.0 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal System: Hexagonal; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites where beryllium-rich fluids interact with chromium-bearing rocks. Most deposits are found in metamorphic environments or sedimentary black shales.

Uses & applications

Primary use is in jewelry as a precious gemstone. Lower-quality specimens are highly sought after by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

The green color comes from trace amounts of chromium or vanadium. Unlike many other gemstones, internal fractures and inclusions (called 'jardin') are accepted and common in emeralds.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic hexagonal crystal habit (if preserved) and distinct green color. Common locations include Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Ethiopia. Collectors should look for color saturation and clarity.

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