gemstone
Emerald
Beryl (Be3Al2Si6O18 with chromium and vanadium impurities)
Hardness: 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale; Color: Vibrant green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Vibrant green to bluish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous (glass-like)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale; Color: Vibrant green to bluish-green; Luster: Vitreous (glass-like); Crystal structure: Hexagonal; Cleavage: Poor/Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.67-2.78.
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic and igneous pegmatite environments under intense hydrothermal conditions where beryllium meets chromium or vanadium. Major deposits exist in Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Uses & applications
Highly prized as one of the traditional precious gemstones used extensively in fine jewelry. High-grade specimens are also coveted by mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Emeralds are notorious for having internal fractures and inclusions, affectionately called 'jardin' (French for garden). Inclusions are often so distinct that they serve as a fingerprint to prove authenticity.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its rich green color, hexagonal crystal shape, and characteristic inclusions (jardin). Natural faceted emeralds retain their vivid hue even under light magnification.
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