gemstone
Emerald
Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6)
Mohs hardness: 7.5-8. Color: Green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Imperfect. Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78.
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Green to bluish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness: 7.5-8. Color: Green to bluish-green. Luster: Vitreous. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Imperfect. Specific gravity: 2.67-2.78.
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins or pegmatites, often associated with metamorphic rocks like schist. The green color is due to trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium.
Uses & applications
Highly valued as a precious gemstone in jewelry. Lower grade specimens are collected by mineral enthusiasts.
Geological facts
Emerald is the traditional birthstone for May. Flawless emeralds are exceptionally rare, and most contain inclusions known as 'jardin'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct green color, hexagonal crystal shape, and typical presence of inclusions. Commonly found in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Zimbabwe.
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