gemstone

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6)

Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. Color: Green, ranging from bluish-green to pure green. Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to sub-vitreous. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Poor, conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 2.67 to 2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Green, ranging from bluish-green to pure green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy) to sub-vitreous

Identified August 2, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic and hydrothermal environments where beryllium-rich fluids interact with surrounding rocks, often associated with pegmatites or tectonic plate boundaries. Geological ages vary significantly depending on the deposit, ranging from Precambrian to Tertiary.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a precious gemstone in fine jewelry, highly valued for collecting and investment, and historically used in ornamental carvings.

Geological facts

Emeralds are colored by trace amounts of chromium and vanadium. Ancient Egyptians, notably Cleopatra, were famous for mining emeralds as early as 1500 BCE.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its distinct hexagonal crystal habit, green color, and relative hardness. Commonly found in countries like Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Pakistan. Collectors look for clarity, depth of color, and minimal inclusions.