gemstone

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) with Chromium and/or Vanadium impurities

Hardness 7.5-8.0 on the Mohs scale, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal structure, imperfect cleavage, specific gravity of 2.67-2.78. Exhibits a distinct green color due to trace amounts of chromium and/or vanadium. Often contains inclusions known as 'jardin'.

Identified July 27, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in pegmatite deposits or hydrothermal veins in metamorphic environments. Often associated with the interaction of beryllium-rich magma and chromium/vanadium-bearing country rock. Occurs in various geological ages depending on the deposit.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used in fine jewelry due to its vibrant color and rarity. Highly valued by collectors and investors.

Geological facts

Emerald is the birthstone for May. Famous emeralds include the Chalk Emerald and the Duke of Devonshire Emerald. Historically cherished by Cleopatra and the Incas.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive green color, specific gravity, and refractive index. Often features characteristic inclusions that can help trace its geographic origin. Major deposits are found in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Zimbabwe.

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