gemstone
Emerald
Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6)
Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale; Color: Green to deep green; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Specific Gravity: 2.67 to 2.78
- Hardness
- 7
- Color
- Green to deep green
- Luster
- Vitreous to sub-vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale; Color: Green to deep green; Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal; Specific Gravity: 2.67 to 2.78
Formation & geological history
Formed in metamorphic and hydrothermal environments, typically in pegmatites or tectonic plate boundaries where chromium, vanadium, or iron are present during beryl crystallization.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in fine jewelry, as a gemstone, and occasionally for high-end collector specimens.
Geological facts
Emeralds are often heavily included, which gemologists refer to as the 'jardin' (garden). They have been prized since ancient Egyptian times, famously mined in Cleopatra's mines.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinct green color, hexagonal crystal habit, and inclusions. Found famously in Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Pakistan.
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