gemstone

Emerald

Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6)

Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale. Color: Green, varying from bluish-green to yellowish-green. Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous. Crystal structure: Hexagonal. Cleavage: Poor, distinct on {0001}. Specific gravity: 2.67 to 2.78.

Hardness: 7
Color: Green, varying from bluish-green to yellowish-green
Luster: Vitreous to sub-vitreous

Identified July 28, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in metamorphic or igneous environments where beryllium-rich fluids interact with surrounding rocks, commonly within pegmatites or hydrothermal veins, often dating back hundreds of millions of years.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a high-value gemstone in jewelry, as well as in collector displays and mineral specimen collections.

Geological facts

Emeralds have been prized since ancient Egyptian times, famously mined in Cleopatra's mines. Most natural emeralds contain extensive inclusions, known as 'jardin' (garden), which are often accepted as part of their character.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive green color, hexagonal crystal form, and high hardness. Found in countries such as Colombia, Zambia, Brazil, and Pakistan. Collectors look for good transparency and vivid color saturation.