gemstone

Garnet

Almandine/Pyrope Garnet (X3Y2(SiO4)3)

Hardness: 6.5-7.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Deep red, brownish-red, or reddish-orange, Luster: Vitreous to sub-resinous, Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 3.5-4.3

Hardness: 6

Identified August 7, 2026More gemstone →

Explore Garnet in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in metamorphic rocks like schists and gneisses through regional metamorphism, as well as in igneous rocks like granitic pegmatites and peridotites under high temperature and pressure conditions.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a gemstone in fine jewelry (such as rings, necklaces, and earrings), as well as an abrasive in waterjet cutting and sandblasting.

Geological facts

Garnets have been used as gemstones since the Bronze Age. The name comes from the Latin word 'granatus', meaning grain, referring to the pomegranate fruit due to the similar red crystal shape and color.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive deep red color, lack of cleavage, high refractive index, and crystal habit. Found worldwide, with notable deposits in India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and the United States.