
metamorphic
Green-brown metamorphic rock, possibly serpentinite
Serpentinite, chiefly serpentine-group minerals (Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), with possible magnetite, chlorite, or carbonate
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness typically 2.5–4 Mohs; mottled dark green, brown, and gray; waxy to greasy luster; commonly massive, fine-grained, and lacking visible crystal faces or strong cleavage. The specimen’s appearance is consistent with serpentinized ultramafic rock, though a photo cannot confirm the identification.
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Physical properties
Hardness typically 2.5–4 Mohs; mottled dark green, brown, and gray; waxy to greasy luster; commonly massive, fine-grained, and lacking visible crystal faces or strong cleavage. The specimen’s appearance is consistent with serpentinized ultramafic rock, though a photo cannot confirm the identification.
Formation & geological history
Forms when mantle-derived peridotite is hydrated and altered by hydrothermal fluids, commonly along tectonic plate boundaries and ophiolites. Most examples formed during ancient oceanic or mountain-building events, with age varying by locality.
Uses & applications
Used as decorative stone, carvings, countertops, and occasionally construction aggregate; attractive material may be polished, but fibrous asbestos-bearing varieties require caution.
Geological facts
Often feels unusually smooth or greasy and may contain black magnetite veins or pale carbonate patches. Serpentinite is California’s state rock and commonly occurs with chromite and nickel deposits.
Field identification & locations
Look for green mottling, low hardness, waxy surfaces, and a white streak; avoid scratching unknown material containing possible asbestos fibers. Common in ophiolite belts worldwide, including California, Italy, New Zealand, and Canada.
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