metamorphic
Greenstone
Metabasalt / Metavolcanic rock
Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale, Color: Greenish-gray to dark green due to chlorite and epidote, Luster: Dull to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Microcrystalline to fine-grained, Cleavage: None distinct, Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 on the Mohs scale, Color: Greenish-gray to dark green due to chlorite and epidote, Luster: Dull to sub-vitreous, Crystal structure: Microcrystalline to fine-grained, Cleavage: None distinct, Specific Gravity: 2.8-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through low-grade regional metamorphism of mafic volcanic rocks such as basalt, diabase, or gabbro, typically in ancient submarine environments or orogenic belts.
Uses & applications
Used historically for stone axes and weapons, landscaping, decorative stone, and occasionally as a low-grade aggregate in construction.
Geological facts
Greenstone is frequently associated with ancient shield areas and is notable for its durability and toughness, which made it a favored material for indigenous toolmaking.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive greenish hue and fine-grained texture. Commonly found in ancient greenstone belts around the world, such as the Canadian Shield and parts of Western Australia.
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