mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown. Specific gravity: 5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified August 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in diverse environments, primarily hydrothermal veins, sedimentary iron deposits (banded iron formations), and as a weathering product of other iron-rich minerals. Can range in geological age from Precambrian to recent.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production, used in pigments (ochre), radiation shielding, heavy media separation, and polished for jewelry or ornamental carvings.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. It is also found on Mars, giving the planet its characteristic reddish color and rusty appearance.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its distinctive reddish-brown streak when scratched unglazed porcelain, high density/weight for its size, and metallic to earthy dark gray appearance. Commonly found worldwide, especially in large deposits in Australia, Brazil, China, and the USA.