mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits uneven to conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified July 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in diverse environments including hydrothermal veins, sedimentary iron formations, and as a weathering product of iron-rich rocks. Can range in geological age from Precambrian banded iron formations to modern sedimentary deposits.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron used in steel production, pigments, radiation shielding, heavy media separation, and sometimes polished into ornamental jewelry or beads.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. When finely ground, it produces a distinct reddish-brown streak, which is a key diagnostic property. It is also found on Mars, giving the planet its characteristic reddish hue.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak, metallic luster, and high specific gravity (heavy for its size). Common worldwide, particularly in large banded iron formations in Australia, Brazil, China, and the USA.