mineral
Hematite
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits uneven to conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 5.3
- Hardness
- 5
- Color
- Steel gray, black, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Metallic to submetallic or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits uneven to conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity: 5.3
Formation & geological history
Forms in diverse environments including hydrothermal veins, sedimentary iron formations, and as a weathering product of iron-rich rocks. Can range in geological age from Precambrian banded iron formations to modern sedimentary deposits.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of iron used in steel production, pigments, radiation shielding, heavy media separation, and sometimes polished into ornamental jewelry or beads.
Geological facts
Hematite is the most important ore of iron. When finely ground, it produces a distinct reddish-brown streak, which is a key diagnostic property. It is also found on Mars, giving the planet its characteristic reddish hue.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak, metallic luster, and high specific gravity (heavy for its size). Common worldwide, particularly in large banded iron formations in Australia, Brazil, China, and the USA.
