mineral

Hematite

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Metallic gray to reddish-brown/dark brown. Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic or earthy. Crystal System: Trigonal. Streak: Characteristic rust-red streak.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic gray to reddish-brown/dark brown
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic or earthy

Identified July 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Metallic gray to reddish-brown/dark brown. Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic or earthy. Crystal System: Trigonal. Streak: Characteristic rust-red streak.

Formation & geological history

Forms as a primary mineral and as an alteration product in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often precipitates from hot springs or during hydrothermal activity, or accumulates in banded iron formations.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron used in steelmaking, used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and for carved beads, cabochons, and polished tumbled decorative stones.

Geological facts

Despite often appearing metallic gray or dark brown, hematite always leaves a distinctive reddish-brown streak when scratched against an unglazed porcelain plate. Large deposits on Mars give the Red Planet its color.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified in the field by its high density/heaviness, weak magnetism (unlike magnetite), and its reddish-brown streak. Found in major mining regions in Australia, Brazil, China, and Lake Superior (USA).